Question # 1

Methods of semi-averages gives an

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accurate result

objective result

authentic result

none of these

The secular trend is measured by the method of semi-averages when:

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Time series contains yearly value

Trend is linear

Time series contains odd number of values

None of them

The basic components of a time series are:

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2

3

4

5

In the measurement of secular trend the moving averages

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give the trend in a straight line

measure the seasonal variations

smoothes out a time series

measure irregular fluctuations

The straight line is fitted to a time series when the movements in the time series are

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linear

quadratic

cubic

constant

The graph of a time series is called

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histogram

polygon

straight line

historigram

The trend values in freehand curve method are obtained by:

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Equation of straight line

Second degree parabola

Signal

Graph

The systematic components of time series which follow regular pattern of variations are called:

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Noise

Signal

Additive model

Multiplicative model

For a least squares linear trend=ŷ = a + bx, b is the

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variable

intercept

trend

slope

The elimination or addition of a few more time periods may change its

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speed

value

direction

none of these

The additive model of the time series is:

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Y = T + S + C + I

TSCI

Y = a + bX

Y = a + bX + cX²

Sum of squares of residuals is denoted by

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∑e

∑e²

∑e³

∑e⁴

For a least squares linear trend Y = a + bX

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ΣY = ΣY

ΣY = 0

ΣY > ΣY

None of them

The multiplicative time series model is:

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Y = T + S + C + I

TSCI

Y = a + bX

Y = a + bX + cX²

The unsystematic sequence which follows irregular pattern of variations is called:

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Noise

Signal

Linear

Non-linear

The equation of the quadratic (parabolic) trend is

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ŷ=a+bx

ŷ=a+by

ŷ=a+bΣx+cΣx²

ŷ=a+bx+cx²

ŷ=a+bx, this line will be called least squares line if it makes=Σ(y-a-bx)2

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maximum

constant

minimum

variable

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